《康熙字典》

《康熙字典》

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长:19cm 宽:11cm 共40本

Length: 19cm, width: 11cm, 40 books

《康熙字典》是清朝康熙年间出版的图书,作者是张玉书、陈廷敬等,它是在明朝梅膺祚《字汇》、张自烈《正字通》两书的基础上加以增订的。该书的编撰工作始于康熙四十九年即公元1710年,成书于康熙五十五年即公元1716年,历时六年,因此书名叫《康熙字典》。《康熙字典》由总纂官张玉书、陈廷敬主持,修纂官凌绍霄、史夔、周起渭、陈世儒等合力完成。字典采用部首分类法,按笔画排列单字,字典全书分为十二集,以十二地支标识,每集又分为上、中、下三卷,并按韵母、声调以及音节分类排列韵母表及其对应汉字,共收录汉字四万七千零三十五个(47035个),为汉字研究的主要参考文献之一。

Kangxi dictionary, written by Zhang Yushu and Chen Tingjing, is a book published during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. It is based on Mei yingzuo's Zihui and Zhang Zilie's zhengzitong in the Ming Dynasty. The compilation of the book began in 1710, the 49th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, and was completed in 1716, the 55th year of Emperor Kangxi, which lasted for six years. Therefore, the book is called Kangxi dictionary. Kangxi dictionary was presided over by Zhang Yushu and Chen Tingjing, the chief compilers, and was completed by Ling Shaoxiao, Shi Kui, Zhou Qiwei and Chen Shiru. The dictionary adopts radical classification and arranges the words according to strokes. The dictionary is divided into 12 volumes, marked by 12 local branches. Each volume is divided into three volumes: upper, middle and lower. The list of finals and their corresponding Chinese characters are arranged according to finals, tones and syllables. A total of 47035 Chinese characters are included, which is one of the main references for the study of Chinese characters.

《康熙字典》的版本非常多,有康熙内府刻本,也就是所说的武英殿版本。包括有两种纸本:开化纸和太史连纸两种。康熙内府刻本多是内廷赏赐用的,装订非常豪华,民间很少见到;表明了它在当时中国工具书里的地位。此外还有道光七年的内府重刊本、其他木刻本,以及清末出现的石印本、铅印本、影印本。清末上海同文书局增篆石印本是发行量最多、最流行的一种版本。康熙四十九年,康熙召集张玉书、陈廷敬等三十位学者,开始了《康熙字典》的编撰工作,在六年的时间里,他们对传统字书进行了大规模的集中整理,并于康熙五十五年完成编辑工作。《康熙字典》吸收了历代字书编纂的经验,全书共分为十二集,从子集到亥集,每集又分为上、中、下三卷,分别排列214个部首。总共收录了四万七千零三十五个字。内容引用了古代诗文以追溯字源,同时还注明了历代的用法以佐证其变迁。《康熙字典》问世后,社会影响巨大。它的文字、音义、书证被广泛引用,它的体例也成为了后世出版字书的蓝本。作为中华文化的重要参考文献之一,具有极高的研究价值。

There are many versions of Kangxi dictionary, including the Kangxi neifu edition, which is also known as the wuyingdian edition. There are two kinds of paper: Kaihua paper and taishilian paper. Most of the engravings of Kangxi neifu were awarded by the imperial court, and the binding was very luxurious, which was rarely seen among the people, indicating its position in Chinese reference books at that time. In addition, there are also neifu reprints and other woodcut editions in the seventh year of Daoguang, as well as stone, lead and photo editions in the late Qing Dynasty. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Shanghai Tongwen Publishing House's stone seal edition was the most popular edition with the largest circulation. In the 49th year of Kangxi's reign, Kangxi called together 30 scholars, including Zhang Yushu and Chen Tingjing, to begin the compilation of Kangxi dictionary. In six years, they carried out a large-scale centralized collation of traditional dictionaries, and completed the editing work in the 55th year of Kangxi's reign. Kangxi dictionary has absorbed the experience of the compilation of calligraphy books in the past dynasties. The book is divided into 12 sets, from subsets to Haiji, and each set is divided into three volumes, i.e. upper, middle and lower, with 214 radicals arranged respectively. It contains 47035 words. The content cites ancient poetry to trace the origin of the word, and also indicates the usage of the past dynasties to support its changes. After the publication of Kangxi dictionary, it has a great social impact. Its characters, sound and meaning, documentary evidence are widely quoted, and its style has become the blueprint of the later published books. As one of the important references of Chinese culture, it has high research value.

此《康熙字典》,虽为道光七年重刊款,仍有不可替代的作用,是阅读古籍、整理古文献、从事古文化研究的重要参考书,尤其是在俗文学研究如敦煌学领域,它是手头必备之书,此套《康熙字典》由于时间久远,品相略有瑕疵,共计40本,内容全面,但留存至今实属难得,具有一定的收藏价值和研究价值!

Although this Kangxi dictionary was reprinted in the seventh year of Daoguang, it still plays an irreplaceable role. It is an important reference book for reading ancient books, sorting out ancient documents, and engaging in ancient culture research. Especially in the field of popular literature research such as Dunhuang studies, it is a necessary book on hand. Due to its long history, this set of Kangxi dictionary has a slight defect in appearance, with a total of 40 comprehensive contents, but it has been preserved so far It is rare, with a certain collection value and research value!

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